The World of Sharks School Science Fair Project Idea

Sharks are interesting animals that are fun to study. This is a perfect topic for a middle or high school science fair project and it is one that the student can take in many different directions. A science fair project on sharks can be focused on a single species or the behavior of sharks in general. The display can include really cool pictures of sharks underwater or detailed drawings of their body. If you have found a shark tooth, use that as the foundation for your project! Interesting Facts About Sharks Sharks are a diverse group of animals and there is a lot of material to work with for a science fair project. Choose a few shark facts that you like most and dive deep into it to create your display. Sharks first appeared on Earth nearly a half-billion years ago.Sharks have a skeleton made entirely of cartilage, the same flexible material in human ears and noses.There are eight orders and nearly 400 different species of sharks.Sharks lose their teeth regularly and they can grow back in just one day.A lateral line system helps sharks navigate through the water, even when they cannot see. According to the Florida Museum of Natural History, three varieties of sharks pose the greatest threat of a potentially lethal attack: Great white shark (Carcharodon carcharias)Tiger shark (Galeocerdo cuvier)Bull shark (Carcharhinus leucas) Shark Science Project Ideas What is the anatomy of a shark? Draw a picture of a shark and all of its body parts, labeling the fins, gills, etc.Why doesnt a shark have scales? Explain what makes up a sharks skin and how that is similar to our own teeth.How does a shark swim? Explore how each fin helps a shark move and how this compares to other fish.What do sharks eat? Explain how sharks detect movement in the water and why some sharks like to prey on larger animals.How do sharks use their teeth? Draw a picture of a sharks jaws and teeth and explain how they use their teeth to hunt and eat their prey.How do sharks sleep or breed? Every animal needs to do both, explain how these fish differ from other aquatic animals.What is the biggest shark? The smallest? Compare the sizes of sharks using scale models or drawings.Are sharks endangered? Examine the causes like pollution and fishing and the reasons why we should protect sharks.Why do sharks attack people? Explore human behavior like chumming that may attract shar ks to beach areas and why sharks sometimes attack swimmers. Resources for a Shark Science Fair Project The topic of sharks has endless potential for science project ideas. Use these resources to explore more possibilities and begin your research.

The Architectural Design and Significance of The New Art...

Architectural design Architectural Design (AD) was first launched in 1930 in the UK as its architectural based journal. By then it was just a British scene which thereafter spread and became international. Architecture has then taken great revolution from time to time. There are several Current Trends in Architectural Designs which have taken place since its launch (Anderson, 2011). Architecture is dependent on current trends. It was comparable with any other form of art, whether it is music, fashion design or painting. There is great demand for the incorporation of the latest and greatest advances in architectural design into the modern structures. Many people would want their structures to be at-per with the latest designs, but†¦show more content†¦In architectural design, there are various stages a person should adopt while coming up with a world class structure. Building design is best understood by being broken down into the following stages: Programming or Site Analysis: before the commencement of any physical work being implemented, there is a need for the professionals and experts to take a close look at the site of the project and make initial determinations. Programming phase helps the experts to communicate the parameters, objectives, tasks and all work entailed to make the project go through successfully. At the end of it, a programming document will be produced, articulating the plans for the project (Burden, 2000). . The adoption of Schematic Developer Design: it is in this phase individuals think of when they imagine architectural design. There is a preparation of intricate sketches of every aspect of the building floor plan and design by experts. Preliminary sketches are made and developed into a detailed floor plan, elevations, and eventually 3-dimensional images of an almost, real life design. These phases created should be approved by the client in order to ensure project effectiveness and success (Burden, 2000). . The final stage is the production of Working Drawings: this last phase determines the final approval of the client for theShow MoreRelatedExploring Corporate Strategy - Case164366 Words   |  658 Pagesfurniture giant News Corporation – corporate logic and corporate management in a worldwide media business. CRH – impressive international growth of an Irish company driven from a ‘lean’ corporate centre. Numico – difficulties with diversification for a Dutch nutritional products company. AIB – competing in the global banking industry: the challenges for a mid-size bank. SABMiller – an African brewer takes on the world: learning to thrive in difficult circumstances. MacPac – from a New Zealand start-up

Outline for Quiz Free Essays

Ideology operates mainly at the level of connotations, the secondary, often unconscious meaning that texts and practices carry, or can be made to carry. D. Ideology is encountered in the practices of everyday life and not simply in certain ideas about everyday life. We will write a custom essay sample on Outline for Quiz or any similar topic only for you Order Now Question 3 of 20 Which of the following is NOT one of the definitions of popular culture. Popular culture is: A. The culture that is left over after we have decided what is high culture B. An authentic culture that originates from the people’ C. A site of struggle between the ‘resistance’ of subordinate groups and the forces of incorporation operating in the interests of dominant groups. D. A culture which emerged during feudalism Answer Key: D Question 4 of 20 Which of the following is NOT one of the purposes of the Storey (2009) book? A. Let is about the theorizing that has brought us to our present stage of thinking on popular culture B. Let is about exploring the historically fixed set of popular texts and practices that are the objects of popular culture C. It is about how the changing terrain of popular culture has been explored and mapped by different cultural theorists and different theoretical approaches. D. Let is about introducing readers to he different ways in which popular culture has been analyzed and the different popular cultures that have been articulated as a result. Question 5 of 20 Which of the following statements is NOT culture from the perspective culture and civilization tradition of Matthew Arnold? Culture is A. The ability to know what is best B. What is best C. The mental and physical application of what is best D. The pursuit of what is Answer Key: C Question 6 of 20 According to Matthew Arnold, the social function of culture is to: A. Police the disruptive presence of the raw and uncultivated masses. B. Provide an all- encompassing pattern for living C. The material and monetarily attributes necessary for people to carry out a collective life D. Challenge cultural and social authority Answer Key: A Question 7 of 20 According to the culture and civilization tradition, which of the following is NOT one of the purposes of education in terms of culture? A. To civilize the working class for subordination, deference and exploitation B. To prepare the middle-class children to the cultural power that is to be theirs C. Training to resist the influence of mass D. To develop skills in cultural relativism and the pluralistic approach to cultural meaning. Question 8 of 20 According to the Alleviates, which of the following was NOT a cause or symptom of the cultural decline: A. Advent of Industrial Revolution B. Rise of Mass Democracy C. Advertising and how it is consumed D. Unquestioning assent to authority Question 9 of 20 Which of the following is a point in the mass culture debate? A. The majority choose second- and third-rate cultural texts and practices instead of the texts and practices of high culture B. Popular culture serves a benign function for socializing people into the pleasures of consumption in the new capitalist-consumerist society C. Without high culture, America is under threat from Graham’s Law of culture. D. III of these options are correct. Question 10 of 20 Which of the following is NOT one of the assumptions that the culture and civilization tradition sought to confirm? A. Cultural decline B. Cultural difference C. The need for cultural relativity D. He need for cultural deference Question 11 of 20 According to Grandstand, â€Å"textual analysis† is a strand of interpretative work that includes the study of A. Media genres B. Narrative analysis C. Scholarship on â€Å"the politics of representation† D. All of the above Question 12 of 20 Grandstand claims that most of the new and interesting work on popular culture is being done A. By cultural sociologists B. Outside sociology C. In anthropology D. By the Frankfurt School Question 13 of 20 According to Grandstand, drawing on the theory of hegemony developed by Antonio Grammas, cultural studies A. O not produce important work on popular culture B. Seem to be too close to its British roots to explain the phenomenon of global culture C. Have not been very influential at American universities D. Placed meaning, ideology, and power relations at the center of theorizing Question 14 of 20 According to Grandstand (2008), the challenge of defining popular culture results from A. The existence of too many cultural forms B. Different ways that scholars conceptualized it for analysis C. The postmodern condition D. None of the above Question 15 of 20 Grandstand (2008) claims that different definitions of culture clearly embody A. Different assumptions and political orientations about popular culture B. Particular scholar’s preferences for specific cultural forms C. The different socioeconomic backgrounds of scholars D. III of the above Question 16 of 20 Production of culture† perspective refers to A. The Marxist perspective B. Debates about how to interpret culture C. The empirical study of culture-producing organizations within specific institutional contexts D. None of the above Question 17 of 20 According to Grandstand (2008), the majority of contemporary pop culture scholarship is tied to the media, especially television, due to A. The proliferation of media technologies B. The expansion of media systems in the U. S. And abroad C. The increasing connectedness of the media to other cultural pursuits D. III of the above Question 18 of 20 The â€Å"embedded consumption† refers to A. The blurring of boundaries between consumer and consumed in the use of new media B. Marxist view of the relationship between culture and capitalism C. He excessive use of new media technologies D. The dangers in using the new media technologies Question 19 of 20 According to Grandstand (2008), the positive aspect(s) of today’s cosmopolitan consumer culture is (are) that it A. Is not bound by old hierarchies of status and distinction B. Creates a great deal of cultural choice due to the use of new technologies C. Is highly participatory Question 20 o f 20 The negative aspect(s) of the today’s cosmopolitan consumer culture is (are) A. The growing consolidation of media/ entertainment industries and monopolizing of popular culture B. Globalization of culture C. TTS elitism Which of the following does Cultural stress? A. Structure B. The popular C. Human agency D. Education Which of the following theorists identified that there was a ‘good’ popular culture of the working class in the sass? A. Hall and Handle B. Haggard C. Thompson D. Williams Which of the following theorists provided the basis of Cultural by identifying a social definition of culture as a particular way of life? A. Hall and Handle C. Leaves Which of the following theorists identified class as a historical phenomenon and provided an approach to culture that included a history from below? A. Hall and Handle Which of the following theorists developed a category for ‘good’ popular culture? A. Hall and Handle Which of the following is NOT a level of culture identified by Williams? A. Lived B. Recorded culture C. Culture of selective tradition D. Mass culture The ability individuals have to be active in their own choices, and to make choices ND act in a way that can change structure/society, refers to: A. Organization B. Human agency C. Mass culture D. Youth culture Which of the following statements about Cultural is NOT true? A. There is an assumption about cultural decline B. There are different types of culture, and they should all be studied C. There is a fundamental difference of value between high culture and popular culture. D. III popular culture is bad. Which of the following theorists found they needed to alter their theoretical approach when youth culture was taken into account? A. Hall and Handle Which of the following theorists based their analyses on a desire for a democratic account of culture, and based their solution to the culture crisis on a desire for a common culture? A. Hall and Handle According to Barnett and Allen (2000), the following form of culture has been largely ignored from the study of the relationship between popular culture and social class A. Music B. New media C. Film D. Fashion The study by Barnett and Allen (2000) compares A. The members of different ethnic and racial groups in terms of their film-viewing B. Members of the upper-middle class and members of the lower- raciest middle class in terms of their filigreeing practices C. Men and women in terms of their film-viewing practices D. III of the above The study by Barnett and Allen (2000) finds that members of the upper-middle class A. Eave viewed more films of all types than lower-middle class members B. Have viewed more art films than the lower-middle class members C. Have viewed more films on videocassette than members of the lower-middle class D. III of the above Katz-Egger (1999) finds that one of the main determinants of leisure-time patterns and music preferences is A. Race B. Education C. Gender D. Class According to Katz-Egger (1999), various studies show African Americans and white Americans participate in the arts at similar rates and that the effects of race on highbrow culture participation are weaker than A. Ender B. Income C. Place of residence Lopes (2006) argues that comic books have been A. Considered an important form of popular culture in the U. S. B. Have been stigmatize as a form of culture since their introduction in mid-sass C. Have been considered a form of high culture outside the U. S. D. None of the above According to Lopes (2006), low status and stigma are related but differ in distinct says as social phenomena, in such a way that a popular cultural form A. Could have low status but not be stigmatize (e. G. Country music) B. Could have low status and be stigmatize (e. . Rap music) C. That has low status results more negative social effects than a cultural form that has been stigmatize D. Only A and B Lopes (2006), argues that stig ma, as far as a cultural form is concerned, A. Can attach to various social objects, including both forms and practitioners B. Can be global or more specific to genres, styles or social roles C. Stigma usually implies potential harm or pathology . 0 points 1 D. Only B and 24 Answer Key: D 24 Question 20 of 2025 Mikhail (1997) claims that the Museum of Modern Art’s activities on behalf of animation A. Ere insufficient B. Illuminate larger questions about cultural value C. Carefully balanced an elitist disdain for mass culture against belief that popular entertainment should be preserved and disseminated as art 1. 0 Points According to Mikhail (1997), art museums fulfill the following role(s) A. Preserve precious objects B. Educate the public C. Set standards by which objects are considered â€Å"art† Question 1 of 20 1. 0 Points Altimeter’s key contribution to the study of popular culture was focused on theories related to: A. Mass culture B. Base/Superstructure relationships C. Hegemony D. Ideology In popular culture studies, ‘organic intellectuals’ refer to: B. Collectives C. Superstructure D. Youth A. Longitudinal Which approach to the study of popular culture sees popular culture as the negotiation between dominant and subordinate cultures, a language marked by both resistance and incorporation? A. Cultural B. Culture and Civilization Tradition C. Frankfurt School D. Hegemony Which approach to the study of popular culture sees popular culture as a threat to social standards, debilitating the working class, and maintaining social authority? How to cite Outline for Quiz, Papers

Intro to Bio Paper Essay Example For Students

Intro to Bio Paper Essay A biosphere is anywhere organisms live.1 Thus, any place on our green planet, ormicrocosms within it, is a biospheremore importantly it is the only one that we knowhow to live off. A well known fact is that our biosphere is becoming less and lesssuitable for sustaining our rapidly increasing population. Gross pollution caused byindustrialism and technological advances have seriously damaged the part of outplanets atmosphere made up of O3, most commonly referred to as Ozone. Anytime weburn coal, wood, oil, or petroleum we are releasing into our atmosphere an invisible,odorless gas, called carbon monoxide, which is eroding our atmospheres layer ofOzone.2 Methyl Bromide is another culprit in ozone thinning, this chemical is used bymost all industrialized nations as a pesticide.3 For us to continue to thrive on thisplanets surface the once unthought of ideal of zero-emissions must become a reality,An article in the March/April issue of Mother Jones entitled, Nothing Wasted,Everything gai ned discusses the ecological progress that a town in Colombia hasmade. Granted, we live in a very different world than these rural villagers do, we like tothink that our world is more complex. As of today cement covers well over one-quarterof the continuous 48 states, most of this cement is in the forms of highways, byways,and interstates. Herein lies our complexity we are a nation that is completelydependent upon oil, petroleum, and electricity comfort is mistaken for complexity. Fossil fuels are our lifes blood that facilitate our comfortable travel to and from work andschool, and all our daily busyness. This article about a zero-emissions village inColombia proves that in fact the opposite may hold true; maybe these villagers are thegenius and we are the ignorance. Cars do not spew their noxious fumes in this place ,instead villagers have bicycles that have, like most other innovations in this small villageof two hundred, been altered to facilitate travel over rough roads. For ot hers, outsidethe most wasteful nation in the world, life is a lot different. Their lives seem simple whenjuxtaposed over ours, yet they prove to be genius using not a quarter of a million dollareducation, but good old common sense. Another important step these villagers are taking is the complete removal ofozone damaging pesticides like Methyl Bromide. They have done this by growing theirvegetables and herbs hydroponically. Hydroponic growing is essentially gardeningminus the soil, roots are immersed in water and produce perfectly ripened products. Bygardening in this manner the need for pesticides is erased. This is indoor gardening thatwe could all learn to master because of its simplicity, yet a trip to the local corner storewill produce the same end result. If we are to overcome the ecological damage we havealready done we need drastic changes which include all forms of organic gardening. And since photosynthesis is the process which changes CO2 to breathable oxygen themore green plants there are the better off we are. This project began in 1971 by Paolo Lugari and, a handful of Bogota engineersand soil chemiststo try to make an unlivable place livable.4 The village, called lasGaviotas, Lugari reasoned could be a starting point towards changing the pattern ofecological existence. Little did Lugari know that one of the hottest topics for the year1998, but 27 years later, would be the scientific communities, and NASAs interest in thepopulation of Mars. Lugaris project didnt set out to change the standards of the waypopular culture operates, instead he set out to improve the living conditions of poorvillagers in an empty savanna in a third-world country using the materials at hand and alarge dose of practicality and common sense. If one has ever visited a country outsideof the major power yielding countries (i.e.. the UK, Japan) then Lugaris quest becomesever so obvious, clean malaria-free water is a privilege, truly impoverished peoples livein ran shack housing, and their immediate surroundings is th eir biosphere whichprovides them with essentials. These truly are essentials, and if these are threatened inany way then their subsistence may be in jeopardy, it seems like the villagers at lasGaviotas have come to know this. They are doing more to try to help save the planetbecause while rich suburbanites in America may be able to afford purified water andsheik sunscreen, their economic status is one that if they cannot live off the fruits of theenvironment as is, then they cant live. They are setting the example though, it ispossible, but is America ready to get off its addiction to oil? Thats a whole other story. It requires too much hard work. The people of las Gaviotas dont dress in Armani andHillfiger they work very hard at collecting pine resin to be used in cosmetics, perfumes,paints, and in medicines instead of petroleum-based substances. The worker in thepine resin processing plant at las Gaviotas doesnt make a six figure salary, but he cango home at night knowing that he has caused no ill effects to the environment. It doesntseem to me that America is ready to make that distinct switch from materialism toAt las Gaviotas the elements which provide so much potential energy have beenharnessed. Solar kettles have been developed by Lugari to sterilize drinking water;this water can then be heated using solar water heaters to use in the hydroponicgrowing systems of this village.5 Also windmills are used to convert the energy of thewinds into consumable energy. The energy potential of the sun and wind has beenknown for a while, as have the resources to build homes and automobiles using theserenewable energy resources.6 Incorporating these changes though would require thatsome of the most powerful companies loose all their money, and that isnt going tohappen. It would also require that we alter our suburban landscaped with windmills andour beautiful houses with ugly solar panels, besides well be different than our neighborsBibliography:

Symbolism and Setting in The Great Gatsby Essay Example

Symbolism and Setting in The Great Gatsby Essay The United States was a land filled with various opportunities in the 1920s. World War I was over and a multitude of people from all over the globe were coming to the United States vying for a new beginning. These people were all enchanted but the idea of The American Dream. The American Dream is the idea that every United States citizen should have an equal opportunity to achieve success and prosperity through hard work, determination, and initiative. It does not matter where you came from, all you need is a passion to succeed. This idea played a role in The Great Gatsby through the characters, symbolism, and settings in the story. The American Dream was an important part of the characters in the story. This idea greatly influenced their choices from how they lived to how they behaved. The wealthiest characters were Daisy and Tom Buchanan, and Jay Gatsby. These three believed they could do anything because they were in a class higher than everyone else. They only cared about what was occurring at the moment and never worried about the consequences of their actions. They were very greedy people and only cared about their possessions. This goes with the belief of the American Dream and that you can achieve anything if you put your mind to it. An example of this is how Tom cheats on Daisy with Myrtle Wilson. He does this because he only sees Daisy one of his belongings. I first met Tom Buchanan’s mistress. The fact that he had one was insisted upon wherever he was known. His acquaintances resented the fact that he turned up in popular restaurants with her and, leaving her at a table, sauntered about, chatt ing with whomsoever he knew (Fitzgerald, 27). Despite Tom and Myrtle being a part of two different social classes he continues to see her behind Daisys back. He does not care about his choices at the moment but they will eventually come back to bite him in the butt. Every weekend Gatsby throws outrageous parties to impress Daisy We will write a custom essay sample on Symbolism and Setting in The Great Gatsby specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Symbolism and Setting in The Great Gatsby specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Symbolism and Setting in The Great Gatsby specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

My Perfect Life †Example College Admission Essay

My Perfect Life – Example College Admission Essay Free Online Research Papers My Perfect Life Example College Admission Essay Three years ago I wanted to die. â€Å"WHAT?!† they would exclaim, looking like they had a massive heart failure because of their shock. Then the usual follow up of â€Å"wow, you’re strong Rachel, I never knew†¦ you never acted like your father died†¦Ã¢â‚¬  but that’s just how I deal with life. I was a nerdy honor student that loved school and playtime. One would see me in the halls zooming to my next class, chit chatting with my friends, or laughing till my eyes watered – trembling like a Pillsbury doughboy. Sounds like a perfect life doesn’t it? Ignorantly, I was oblivious to the world outside of the comfort of my own. That was my â€Å"perfect† life. However, things aren’t perfect, and sure enough my life wasn’t perfect at all. Several people, including my friends didn’t know about the death of my dad that feels like it happened just last month. My dad’s passing led to the manifestation of my sadness and fear of not death, but the effects of it. Even to this day people who know me are shocked when they find out that I am in fact fatherless due to the life robbing disease known as colon cancer. I burrowed myself under school activities, homework, volunteering, and friends keeping myself busy like a mole determinedly burrowing under the grass of golf zones and the noses of golfers, unable to see what it will encounter up ahead. This comfort was something I held dear, for it was what I clung to in times of darkness. A girl was standing in front of her house surrounded by gleaming red fire trucks and light blinding ambulances, waiting for her carpool buddy to tell them that she couldn’t make it to orchestra today. Shivering in her oversized black parka looking like a marshmallow held for too long in the fire. Her eyes were pink and tear filled creating tiny rivers on her cheeks making them sopping wet, her black hair wasn’t brushed; her face was as pale as a moth’s wing. Guess who? Now here was a young lady who was older†¦She was short but petite, her laughter tinkled like a crystal glass tapped by a silver spoon and she laughed and nearly always had a smile upon her face, she had the sparkle of a hundred stars in her eyes, her hair shined and shimmered like the surface of the sea at sunset. This lady had many friends for people were attracted to her like insects to a warm fluorescent light bulb. This young female couldn’t possibly be the one and same as the afore mentioned distressed girl, right? Wrong. That’s right; they are one and the same, me. My life has been a Ferris wheel that has spun out of control. But I have managed to bring myself down, and plant my feet firmly on the ground of what I believe in. Just three years ago I wanted to die, now that the last thing in my mind. Through the hysteria I loved life but also recognized that death was as much a part of life as living. So I laugh until tears come out of joy this time and not sorrow, live vibrantly without regret, and love passionately like I’ve never been wounded. Clichà ©? Yes, but only because it’s true. Research Papers on My Perfect Life College Admission EssayThe Masque of the Red Death Room meaningsThe Hockey GameThe Fifth HorsemanHarry Potter and the Deathly Hallows EssayThe Spring and AutumnStandardized TestingHip-Hop is ArtCapital PunishmentArguments for Physician-Assisted Suicide (PAS)19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided Era

Open letter Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Open letter - Assignment Example The article is opposed to the opinion expressed in an AlterNet article: GMO might cause horrible diseases to the cattle, including defects in the newly born like limb deformities (Paul). However, use of genetically engineered food has already became a usual thing for our society with most American crops being modified (Kantor). At the same time, the researchers conducted in a great sample of cattle allowed the scientists to conclude that use of GMO in cattle feeding causes no unnatural or disturbing effects both in cattle and on people who consume meat of a GMO-fed animal. Though the topic is debatable and there is no decisive position in the world, Entine appeals to the authority of researchers and simple logical arguments: if the unnatural harmful effect caused by GMO use in feeding of livestock was so widespread and disturbing, farmers and scientists would have already noticed that (Entine). Moreover, sick animals are not used for producing meat, and if there were a lot of those, there would have been problems with meat supplies already. Generally, GMO is often considered to be the salvation of the future that is able to save humanity from famine. At the same time, GMO is economically beneficial as it acts as a catalyst for the production process and makes crops resistant to diseases. Entine, Jon. â€Å"The Debate About GMO Safety Is Over, Thanks To A New Trillion-Meal Study†, Forbes, from:

Perspectives Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Perspectives - Essay Example But if the actual origin of this concept is explored, it can be attributed to the discovery of the earth being a circle rather than a square. In fact, the spherical connotation wards of all the edges! The satellite pictures of the earth also show it as a unified area with patches of green and blue lending a symphony to its being. Even geology justifies the concept of 'global village'! But ponder before you get euphoric over this expression of rationality. The concept of globalization operates on near ideal conditions. These conditions rest on one major condition, subsequently. And the condition is that the whole world needs to have an access to this technology. And there lies the catch! Sitting in your Los Angeles office, you cannot even imagine the gravity of starvation and epidemic in so many Afro-Asian countries. When even basic needs are not met, who cares about Internet or satellite revolution Or in a more jargonistic way, who cares for or for that matter, even understands globalization. Globalization is an umbrella term that refers to increased interdependence in the economic, social, technological, cultural, political and ecological spheres. Theodore Levitt is credited with the first use of this term in the economic context. It is very important to understand globalization in the economic context and attribute its origin to the West and see its ramifications as embraced by other societies. Ours is an age of democracy. Democracy as a form of government, characterized by elections and the installation of a representative government, has been becoming a global phenomenon. The fall of the socialist world and domestic and global changes in Latin America, Africa and Middle East have brought democracy to places and shores where it was undreamt a few years ago, giving people a taste of freedom. But the globalization of democracy as a form of more of more legitimate representative government has not been accompanied by genuine efforts to tackle the problems of democracy (such as tension between equality and liberty, the dictatorship of majority, the actual as well as manufactured disinterest of the so-called electorate process resulting in as much as 50 per cent of them not fulfilling their constitutional obligation to vote) and to widen the universe of democracy in accordance with the historical changes taking place in social systems as well as in the light of desired agenda o f transformation. The first wave of globalization was initiated by the British Empire during 1870-1914, when the whole world was virtually inducted into the extensive international trading relationships. This era collapsed after the First World War. It is pertinent to note that finance was not an important segment of that era's economy. Globalization therefore remained restricted to the domain of trade and direct (physical) investment. In fact, it was only after 1980s that this term got introduced in America. It became internationally popular in the 90s after the fall of Berlin Wall. Capitalism was declared to have been the winner of the Cold War over communism with which it was believed by many to have been in competition for three-quarters of a century. Now it was sold by the great powers to the world as the superior economic system, by sheer virtue of having outlived its rival.

MSc Programme and project management Personal Statement

MSc Programme and project management - Personal Statement Example The PPM course is seen as an opportunity for me to put myself ahead of the increasing demand of the project and programme management job market. By putting myself a step ahead of the requirements of the job market, I can be assured that I will become what employers and project owners are looking for. But this striking vision needs to be nurtured and started somewhere and that is the course being applied to. Apart from the outstanding benefits I will derive from the course, one other reason that makes me prefer PPM is the fact that nature of the course matches who I am and what I have been able to achieve so far. First, I have a very good background in British education as I have successfully completed a four year BA business programme in Britain. This puts me in a better position to easily adapt to the British learning environment and requirements. Even though business studies and PPM are different, there is much similarity between the two, putting me at a better position to grabbing academic concepts very easily. For example it is common knowledge that most projects and programmes that require the expertise of project and programme managers are run by businesses. With my knowledge in business, I will therefore be able to have a very deep understanding of project owners. I can also have empathy for project managers in understanding issues of project urgency, cost saving, and quality co ntrol. My level of confidence expressed above as to why my background as a Business student can help me succeed with the PPM course can be backed by realistic academic abilities and achievement. For example as a Business student, I achieved very good grade in Finance, which I scored 79% and thus was graded A- in my course assignment. With my current GPA, I am confident about completing with a high 2.1 degree, which is a strong demonstration and evidence of attitude to academic work. With the

Scope And Limitation Of The Study Environmental Sciences Essay

Scope And Limitation Of The Study Environmental Sciences Essay For a country facing recurrent drought, with severe consequences for development, the need for irrigated agriculture cannot be overlooked. But the countrys capacity to support agriculture through development of irrigation has been weak (Mengistu, 2000). Ethiopia cannot hope to meet its large food deficit through rain-fed agricultural production; the country could still face millions of tons of cereal deficit for decades to come (Desta, 2004). The Government of the Republic of Ethiopia in the Ethiopian Water Resources Management Policy (1999) states that Ethiopia endowed with relatively higher amounts of rainfall in the region and has a surface runoff of about 122 billion m3 of water and 28,000 Mm ³ ground water. A number of studies made in the field confirm that if the countrys water resources are developed to cater for irrigation, it would be possible to attain agricultural surplus enough both for domestic consumption as well as for external markets. The abundant water resources have earned Ethiopia the name the water tower of East Africa (United Nations Development Programme 2006). However, even had this estimated water potential, the country cannot meet its food security. Although, water resource potential is said to be abundant in Ethiopia, it is clear that even by the low standard of African countries, Ethiopias use of its water resources is limited. Cognizant to this fact, the government has taken initiatives towards developing irrigation schemes of various scales (Desta, 2004).The government of Ethiopia as stated in its Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP), has recognized the importance of water and increased its focus on water resource development and utilization to achieve food security (FDRE, 2000). Irrigation is one means by which agricultural production can be increased to meet the growing food demands in Ethiopia. Irrigation can also stabilize agricultural production. Ethiopia indeed has significant irrigation potential. Realizing the potential irrigation development can contribute towards food security and improved welfare, the Government has embarked on wide range of water development efforts throughout the country. Since 1950s there are mixed experiences with promoting irrigation and other modern agricultural technologies in the effort of intensification. In the last decade, small-scale irrigation and rainwater harvesting are central to Ethiopias new policy and strategy on agricultural and rural development. In some parts of the regions, where there are scarce and erratic rainfall, there is evidence that irrigation has achieved positive impacts: better opportunity for production, better income, reduction of risks, and hence generated benefits for poor rural communities. The importance of intervening irrigated agriculture in the economy of developing countries results from the fact that rain fed agricultural system is not capable of supplying the desired amount of production to feed the increasing population. Irrigation is not needed for any inadequacy in the total supply of water by rainfall only, but because of the inadequacy of this supply at certain times of the year. This inadequacy of moisture will surely lead to the reduction of plant growth (Briggs and Courtney 1989 as cited by Mintesinot, et.al, 2004). Therefore, Irrigation is used in order to combat periods of moisture stress so as to fulfill the crop moisture requirement and increase the production. Irrigation practice is an expensive one in case of if we construct huge dames or high river diversions, and in many cases can only be applied with profit to high value crops. But it can be cheap for areas having high ground water potential and the water is easily accessible through hand dug wel ls. The country has highly-diversified agro-ecological conditions which are suitable for the production of various types of crops. The crops are produced under rain fed and irrigated condition. Cereals dominate Ethiopian agriculture, accounting for about 70 per cent of agricultural GDP (Ethiopias Agricultural sector policy and investment framework, 2010-2020). Over the past decade, cereal production has more than doubled to nearly 15 million tons, as a result of horizontal expansion and increased yields (Ethiopias Agricultural sector policy and investment framework, 2010-2020). Nevertheless, food security remains a critical issue for many households, and for the country as a whole. Moreover, expansion of the cropped area to more marginal lands has led to severe land degradation in some areas (Ethiopias Agricultural sector policy and investment framework, 2010-2020). To alleviate the challenges of food insecurity in the country promotion of irrigated agriculture was given priority (Mekuri a, 2003). Thus, hand dug well construction has become one of the activities both by the individuals as well as the government. Agriculture and rural development has been the central pillar of successive national development and poverty reduction plans and remains so under the new five year growth and transformation plan (FYGTP) announced in August 2010. There is a need, however, to increase development efforts and resources targeting high-potential rain fed areas and irrigation development, in order to accelerate productivity growth, agricultural led industrialization and long-term food security. Thus groundwater has become an important source for irrigation and it has become an integral part of the irrigation strategy to overcome food scarcity in many developing countries including in Ethiopia. Such efforts have helped to expand irrigation with time particularly from 1950s the expansion has been rapidly increasing (Rosegrant et al., 1999). Most agricultural production is used to meet household consumption needs and, for a very large number of households, there is a prolonged hunger season during the pre-har vest period. In all increasing productivity in smallholder agriculture is Governments top priority, recognizing the importance of the smallholder sub-sector, the high prevalence of rural poverty and the large productivity gap. Productivity enhancement however, must be complemented by efforts by introducing effective practices towards the farmer to help farmers from purely subsistence farming to semi-subsistence/ semi-commercial status practicing farming as a business and to adopt more sustainable natural resource management practices in order to arrest and reverse environmental degradation. But this may not achieved only by using rain fed agriculture, rather by conjunction use of surface water and ground water without affecting the environment. Therefore In order to achieve these far-reaching and ambitious objectives, Irrigation development perceived as one of the strategies with the potential for solving this problem and to be food self-sufficient. The government of Ethiopia has an irrigation development strategy, which aims to develop over 470,000 ha of irrigation by 2016 as promulgated in the Water Sector Strategy of 2001. Of this development, 52% will be large and medium scale schemes while the remaining 48% will be small-scale schemes (Government of the Republic of Ethiopia 2001). Because of the ambitious government plans to expand small scale irrigation in Ethiopia, and in view of increasing demand of water for various purposes like agricultural, domestic, and industries, a greater emphasis is being laid for a planned and optimal utilization of water resources. Even if Ethiopia has high surface water potential, due to uneven distribution of rainfall in both time and space, the surface water resources are unevenly distributed coupled with increasing water user sectors, may lead to conflict among water users, especially agricultural sector. To narrow this gap and increase productivity per drop of water, surface water alone is not the best solution. Considering this issue; giving emphasis on development of ground water resources for those areas having high ground water potential is crucial. Problem Statement Water for agriculture is increasingly recognized as a major constraint to improving the lives of the rural poor and is an important component of rural livelihood programs that need to be yet strongly established in Ethiopia. Irrigation has contributed significantly to poverty reduction, food security, and improving the quality of life for rural populations. The majority of existing traditional and modern irrigation schemes are micro level in size. Many of these schemes are based on stream and river diversions but some may be dependent on small dams and perennial springs which show ground water potential for irrigation did not get emphasis. Fogera is one of Blue Nile basin area in Ethiopia and known by flooded plain. The woreda has high ground water potential. Now a day there is irrigation practice in the area for production of vegetables, horticulture (onion, tomato and purple) and in some extent maize. Even if there is such practice in the area, beside high ground water potential al most all farmers are used two perennial rivers called Rib and Gumara as a water source for their irrigation crop production using motorized pump. But the beneficiary farmers are those having farm land near or around streams, while those farmers bounded with these rivers and have not farm land around the stream waiting until the rainy season to cultivate crops. Recently increasing in number of water users for crop production and other uses; the stream flow become drying the downstream especially starting from February to April. This leads to crop failure and reduction in production plus conflict among the up- stream and downstream water users. To solve this problem and participate in irrigation those farmers have not farm land around the streams and bounded by two streams, conjunction use of ground water and surface water for irrigation crop production is important. However, to assure these identifying opportunities and major constraints of the community that makes passive on ground water uses for irrigation crop production is primary task to the area having high ground water potential. Researchable Questions For a specific study of ground water constraints linking with issues of the use for irrigation crop production, a number of questions can be raised. The study tries to address the following major research questions: What are major constraints of the community to use ground water for irrigation crop production? Are the communities aware about their ground water potential for crop production? What types of practices were implemented in the area to promote ground water uses for irrigation crop production by different Governmental and Non-Governmental Organizations? General and Specific Objectives In the Fogera plain groundwater is important source that can be used for irrigation crops year around. Reducing dependency on rainfall and stream water for crop production little has known about the potential use of ground water in the area. Rain fed agriculture alone cannot be insuring food self-sufficiency for the country having uneven distribution and erratic rainfall. Rather in addition to rain fed, implementing irrigation schemes according to water source potential weather surface or ground water is important. For those areas having high ground water potential, ground water may serve as a water source for irrigation crop production and increase income. But to use this precious natural resource actively and efficiently tackling obstacles related to ground water use for irrigation crop production is the primary task. This paper will investigate constraints in the Fogera Woreda on ground water uses for irrigation crop production. In particular it will:- Identify major constraints why farmers are not used ground water for irrigation crop production. identifying major constraints of the community on ground water use for irrigation crop production, makes easy to decision makers to solve communities problem on ground water irrigation using different approach and makes the community fear to use ground water for irrigation. Evaluate communities awareness about the area ground water potential uses for irrigation crop production. It is important to community to make them self-confident about their natural resource. If they are sure about their resource, they will remove their doubt and cultivate any perennial (chat) or seasonal crop which makes them profitable. Assessing best practice if there is, to promote ground water use for irrigation crop production in the area by different Governmental and Non-Governmental Organizations. Assessing best practice done in the area on ground water use for irrigation is important for the community to scale up from one kebele to another. Significance of the Study Ethiopia has developed a 15-year water development project for the period 2002-2016 in order to enhance the appropriate and comprehensive water use policies. It ensures multiple uses of this vital resource among various users. Among the water sectors agricultural water use has got the most attention through the strategy called Agricultural Development Led Industrialization (ADLI). The intervention of the plan is to address most of the supply-demand gap within 15 years time through increasing the number of large, medium and small-scale irrigation schemes. In addition, the Government of Ethiopia (GoE) recognizes, community managed small-scale irrigation water schemes as viable alternative to privatization and state ownership of the resource. To see this intervention on stand and to use available water sources; identifying major opportunities and constraints of irrigation water sources is milestone for beneficiaries, thus contributing to increased productivity. Water management policies are also important to avoid and manage conflicts and ensure the participation of low level communities. In this regard, the findings of this study will contribute to narrowing the information gaps regarding the organizational and institutional context, management practices and collective action regarding ground water use for irrigation, and the major problems of ground water irrigation development at the grass-root level. Therefore, the outcome of this study may serve as a source of additional information for policy makers and planners during the design and implementation of irrigation development programs and prospects. Scope and Limitation of the Study This study is based on a cross-sectional data for the time period of 2010/2011 aimed at assessing major constraints of ground water use for irrigation crop production in six kebeles of Fogera Woreda, i.e. Nabega, Kideste Hana, Wagetera, Shena, Shaga and Kokit. The major limitations of the study relates to the unavailability of secondary data needed to supplement the primary data. Secondary data on detailed soil type for each kebele, specific type of training they took on irrigation, yield of previous production seasons, soil type of the area, amount of water they apply to the crop and others were needed. In response to this limitation, we used triangulation data collection method, while we were collecting the data. Due to resource and time limitations, the study had to focus on only a few most important questions.

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In the article "Anxiety: Challenge by Another Name," James Lincoln Collier explains that anxiety is a very common part of our life in our society and that to defeat anxiety is to confront it and face it as we grow and learn from it instead of backing away. Collier uses several of his personal experiences and explains how each helped him to overcome his anxiety. With each obstacle that he faced, he developed three basic rules for himself. Collier had a chance to go on a trip to Argentina with his roommate, Ted. Being away for two months sounds exciting but he is having a second thought, and he end up turning down the invitation. It scared him of being in a new, strange country. He regreted by not going through the Argentina trip, and it taught him a lesson. This lesson made him developed his first rule: "do what makes you anxious, don't do what makes you depressed." He also found out that the person he admired, Duke Ellington, still has stage fright, eventhough he has been performing for more than thirty years, and by knowing that, Ellington inspired Collier. After doing a couple of interviews, he noticed that he is not that scared anymore. He had benefited and discovered from the process of phychologist call "extinction." Which he had came up with his second rule: "you'll never eliminate anxiety by avoiding the things that caused it." Collier had put out his anxiety by confronting it; in addition, Collier developed his third rule: "you can't learn if you don't try." To illustrate his third rule, some years ago he had an offer to do a writing assignment that will require him to three